Puritans shared with other Calvinists a belief in double predestination, that some people (the elect) were destined by God to receive grace and salvation while others were destined for Hell. [51] No one, however, could merit salvation. According to covenant theology, Christ's sacrifice on the cross made possible the covenant of grace, by which those selected by God could be saved. Puritans believed in unconditional election and irresistible grace—God's grace was given freely without condition to the elect and could not be refused. [52] Conversion [ edit ] Akbar’s policies towards the Rajputs were particularly criticised by the historians in Pakistan. Sheikh Muhammad Raqif in Tarikh-i-Pakistan-wa-Hind (1992) writes “he favoured the Rajput so much so that his nobles had lost confidence in him. They regarded the Mughal rule no more Islamic.” As the late scholar Nazid Ahmed writes in the Encyclopedia of Islam, “Akbar was a universal man; he was more than any single group thought of him… (and was) the purest representation of that folk Islam that grew up in Asia after the destruction wrought by the Mongols.” The reign of Aurangzeb John Endecott was the first governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony and an important military leader.

The idea that Akbar was not a devout Muslim is rooted in his policy of Din-e-Ilahi, which loosely combines aspects of different religions including Islam, Catholicism and Jainism. Although there is no evidence that Akbar attempted to promote this ideology amongst his subjects (its adherents were numbered at roughly 19 during his reign), Din-e-Ilahi is used by his critics as proof of his vision to distort Islam by combining it with other religions. Morris, John W. (2011). The Historic Church: An Orthodox View of Christian History. Author House. p.438.

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Perhaps most important, as Max Weber profoundly understood, was the strength of Puritanism as a way of coping with the contradictory requirements of Christian ethics in a world on the verge of modernity. It supplied ethics that somehow balanced charity and self-discipline. It counseled moderation within psychology that saw worldly prosperity as a sign of divine favor. Such ethics were particularly urgent in a New World where opportunity was rich, but the source of moral authority was obscure. Gay, Peter (1984). The Bourgeois Experience: The Tender Passion. W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 978-0393319033. Archived from the original on 4 April 2023 . Retrieved 25 December 2021. a b c Puritans and Puritanism in Europe and America. ABC-CLIO. 2006. ISBN 978-1576076781. Archived from the original on 26 January 2018 – via Google Books. In 1649, English colonist William Pynchon, the founder of Springfield, Massachusetts, wrote a critique of Puritanical Calvinism, entitled The Meritorious Price of Our Redemption. Published in London in 1650, when the book reached Boston it was immediately burned on Boston Common and the colony pressed Pynchon to return to England which he did. [130] The censorious nature of the Puritans and the region they inhabited would lead to the phrase " banned in Boston" being coined in the late 19th century, a phrase which was applied to Boston up to the mid-20th century. [131] Ali writes that the arguments to accuse Akbar for the downfall of the Mughal Empire is derived from the Pakistani historian I H Quershi, who vehemently criticises Akbar’s incorporation of non-Muslims in the Mughal Empire. “Akbar had changed the nature of the polity profoundly,” wrote Quershi as cited by Ali. “The Muslims were still the dominant group in the state, but it had ceased to be a Muslim state… Akbar had so weakened Islam through his policies that it could not be restored to its dominant position in the affairs of the State,” Quershi wrote.

Asian Champions Trophy: Navneet Kaur finds the space, Deepika finds her footing as India down Japan in an entertaining ‘arm-wrestle’ Lamont, William M. (1969). Godly Rule: Politics and Religion 1603–60. Macmillan. ISBN 978-0333100745.Craig, John (2008), "The Growth of English Puritanism", in Coffey, John; Lim, Paul C. H. (eds.), The Cambridge Companion to Puritanism, Cambridge Companions to Religion, Cambridge University Press, pp.34–47, ISBN 978-0-521-67800-1 The paradox created by female inferiority in the public sphere and the spiritual equality of men and women in marriage, then, gave way to the informal authority of women concerning matters of the home and childrearing. [80] With the consent of their husbands, wives made important decisions concerning the labour of their children, property, and the management of inns and taverns owned by their husbands. [81] Pious Puritan mothers laboured for their children's righteousness and salvation, connecting women directly to matters of religion and morality. [82] In her poem titled "In Reference to her Children", poet Anne Bradstreet reflects on her role as a mother: Barnett, James Harwood (1984). The American Christmas: A Study in National Culture. Ayer Publishing. ISBN 0-405-07671-1. Anne Bradstreet was the first female to have her works published in the British North American colonies.