Let me be clear: I do not, by any stretch, feel that people that voted to leave the EU were racist- but it’s clear that UKIP, EDL, and their peers realised the power of the race card, and played it to their advantage.

Whilst I wasn’t pleased about this, it felt like a social-norm… part of how society worked at the time. It takes a very heavy rock and a very hard place to make such workers willing to sacrifice their families, languages, histories and cultures to transplant their lives to an unfamiliar setting where they know they may be treated disrespectfully. In effect, they were trapped, semi-voluntarily, in a system that promised much, but was, in practice, nearly impossible for migrants to succeed in.That wasn’t the cause of Black disease, of Black death, and even Black people being disproportionately arrested and incarcerated. When the white people around me have chosen to not acknowledge racism and have dismissed my perception of racism, I doubt myself, and I stop speaking up. Still, medicine became a golden ticket to Indians: one of the only ways to escape crushing poverty and gain some status.

But the feeling that I had been wronged by circumstances that meant that I was unable to care for my own sick grandparents in their final years, but required to to attend to the minor ailments of a man who was enjoying his twilight years despite having committed colonial murders, haunts me still.BB: When you talk about the Hoffman book, it’s such a devastating reminder to me, because I see this a lot right now of how statistics, academics, science can be dehumanizing tools as much as kind of the language that we use. The dream of the ‘Brown Democratic Commons’ that drives so much of Lázaro Lima’s thought, and his hope, in this transformative study has never felt so possible, and so impossible, at the same time. This juxtaposition of two groups that have both been long mistreated by Westminster, and yet fail to see their common enemy, means that hospitals have become sites of tension along race and class boundaries. In 1950s (and later) South Africa, the "brown people" were the Coloureds, referring to those born of multiracial sexual unions out of wedlock.